British Airways Management Environment

The executives Environment: British Airways Introduction This report includes examination of the hierarchical structure of British Airways and its PEST investigation. The board and its association in an open restricted organization are fundamental for any organization to be fruitful. There are various kinds of hierarchical structures, which are satisfactory, in broad daylight constrained companies.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on British Airways Management Environment explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More One such structure is the vertical framework where there are a couple of individuals at the top who settle on the organization choices. The quantity of people increments at the center level administration and lower level positions. This sort of framework is bureaucratic in nature. Level structure is another type of association where there are barely any situations at the top and that expansion in the following column. There are hardly any director s and numerous equivalents at the low level. The last structure is the divisional framework which includes isolating capacities and duties dependent on strength and geology. The open restricted organization to be broke down in this report is British Airways, which utilizes the, flat structure (Henry, 2008). The figure on the following page speaks to the hierarchical structure for British Airways. Figure 1: Organization structure of British Airways (British Airways, 2009). The CEO heads the hierarchical structure of British Airways, and beneath them, they have clients and activities official, the executives board and those straightforwardly answering to the CEO. They are the minds behind dynamic in the organization. BelowAdvertising Looking for report on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The official of the organization, are the individuals who are associated with actualizing the choices made by the official. These incorporate the correspondence, clients and speculation divisions (Rainey Hal, 1997). The official at that point passes the mantle to the following level that guarantees the running of the organization is smooth at the administration level. The administrators at this level guarantee all the details of the organization are set up. The low levels guarantee that all the organization exercises are completed precisely to guarantee adequacy. The separating of the administration levels guarantees that, administrators have a couple of subordinates underneath them. This technique is powerful in that, the managers work intimately with those beneath them a move which end up being exceptionally viable. The consideration of the clients office in the organization helps in better conveyance of administrations in light of the fact that the delegates present the perspectives on the clients. The authoritative structure of British Airways decreases the wasteful aspects which would hav e happened in the execution of obligation. The structure guarantees that all offices are spoken to in the top administration. This guarantees data moves unreservedly and proficiently through all the divisions (Blau Scheonherr, 1971). The association of British Airways like some other organization will experience the ill effects of various outside weights. The outer condition of association influences the companies’ dynamic and administration conveyance. The PEST examination of the organization recognizes various variables which will influence British Airways’ authoritative structure. The components incorporate political and legitimate elements, monetary elements, social and social variables. Political and lawful components that influence the organization incorporate psychological warfare which has been on the ascent in the ongoing years. This has prompted the presentation of new safety efforts by the legislature. This has made dread among clients along these lines less ening their enthusiasm to head out prompting loss of market by the carrier. There have been considerable administrative changes which have permitted numerous organizations into the aircraft business in this manner expanding market rivalry. There is additionally deferred dynamic in the open division, which influences the aircraft (Goodsell Charles, 1994). English aviation routes being an open restricted organization is dependent upon government financing, however this subsidizing has decreased due privatization of part of the organization. This implies dynamic is no longer with the administration however with the proprietors of the organization. A significant lawful factor which influences British Airways is intensity of exchange unions.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on British Airways Management Environment explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The laborers worker's guilds have perseveringly requested higher wages and advantages to their individual s. This has come about to strikes, for instance, those held between August 2004 to August 2005 and which influenced ordinary working of the organization. Financial components will emerge because of angles, for example, the expansion in costs of contributions of the aircraft business. The present rebellion in the Arab world in nations, for example, Libya, Iraq, and Egypt has driven the costs of fuel high. This implies, the costs of air voyaging will build consequently coming about to less individuals paying for administrations with British Airways. These will thusly decrease the benefits prompting poor assistance conveyance. Another monetary viewpoint is the financial downturn which has hit the entire world. This has influenced the carrier so that, it needs to work with a slight spending plan. The quantity of clients has additionally diminished with the greater part of them choosing the less expensive aircrafts and having less occasions. The expanded rivalry from different aircrafts both nearby and global has restricted further extension of British Airways because of decrease in yields. There is likewise high swelling which has expanded the typical cost for basic items of residents. This has constrained them to chop down their spending plans by for instance settling on less voyaging and recreation in order to spare. Social factors that influence the association structures of the British aviation routes are segment, social changes and business worker relationship. These progressions influence the size of the potential market along with the client needs. The segment changes have come about to a dim age who spend much on relaxation and voyaging. This implies the aircraft should out stretch it assets to provide food for such an interest. The social changes have brought about changes in way of life, tastes and molds. This has come about to client necessity to go to energizing endeavors which may be accessible at aircrafts goal. With such changes, the aircraft has be en compelled to wander in a new area or loss of business. The worker business relationship has decayed in the ongoing past with the representatives striking in order to have expanded pay rates and to contradict mass conservation. This has prompted monstrous misfortunes to the organization (Brassington Pettitt, 2007). Mechanical changes are different perspectives that influence British aviation routes. The innovation included the aircraft segment is costly and quick moving. The carrier comes up short on the assets to introduce frameworks, for example, registration framework which causes clients to get to data about their itinerary items online.Advertising Searching for report on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Innovation assumes a critical job in carrier control and in this way, ought to be of high caliber to forestall debacles. This factor powers the carrier to put resources into it in order to beat the opposition. Switching promotion actualizing state-of-the-art innovation ahs anyway been over the top expensive for the organization. With legitimate interest in innovation, the carrier would make crafted by their representatives and clients simpler. English aviation routes has been effective somewhat. The organization has enrolled achievement however with troubles. These can be distinguished from the authoritative structure and from the PEST investigation. Triumphs from the hierarchical structure are as per the following: Division of the board into little parts settles on execution and usage of choices made by the official easier. This is on the grounds that a director has just a couple of subordinates underneath the person in question. There is free correspondence between the two workers and managers which have decreased on the strike activities coming about to better critical thinking instrument. The hierarchical structure guarantees that there is smooth running because of division of work where an individual knows about what is should have been done (Golembiewski Robert, 1962). Victories dependent on PEST are as per the following Political elements have prompted the expansion in security which has gone to be a favorable position since clients have a sense of safety when they are going with BA. This has prompted increment in number of clients and thus prompted a blast in the business. Expanded rivalry has come as a triumph since BA has attempted to enhance it administration conveyance in order to stay at the top. As far as the financial variables achievement is apparent in the British Airways’ development through merger and privatization where the legislature has permitted an expansion of individual investors into responsibility for business. Accomplishment from social elements is that the carrier has endeavored to extend in order to provide food for the developing interest from clients because of increment in populace. Innovatively, BA has profoundly contributed to guarantee they keep a similar pace with the developing and quick moving innovation. This has prompted quick conveyance of administration to clients (Bohte Meier, 2001). Disappointments The hierarchical structure has prompted delays in dynamic and choice usage (Wilson, 1989). This is because of numerous positions in the structure where the genuine implementers are not associated with dynamic. Individuals on the ground are not engaged with dynamic a circumstance prone to lead in to restriction during execution. Division of work isn't conservative to any organization since it limits adaptability in the field of work. Disappointments as distinguished from PEST investigation ar

“Flight 063” by Brian Aldiss Essay

The sonnet Flight 063 by Brian Aldiss looks at the business flight 063 to Icarus fantastic flight. Aldiss shows an alternate side of Icarus, demonstrating the splendid side of him, his flight, instead of about his incredible fall. While discussing Icarus flight, Aldiss discusses corporate men flying high over the Arctic Circle, cool as a cucumber about flying up in the sky, having it be an ordinary piece of their lives, in contrast to Icarus, who just flew once. Aldiss attempts to state that one ought to ponder the beneficial things in life rather than simply the awful and to make the best of life. The lingual authority used to depict Icarus flight and Flight 063 shows the distinction in the style of flying that they are utilizing. Why consistently talk about Icarus fall?(1). Indeed, everybody consistently recollects the terrible things that occur throughout everyday life, and the main beneficial things recalled are those that sway the entire world. There is a banner some place that says, When I accomplish something great, no one recalls. At the point when I accomplish something awful, no one ever overlooks. That banner shows how everyone harps on the awful, however Aldiss is indicating that you ought to recall the great also. The regular was lost in his rising (25-26) shows that when Icarus was flying, everything ordinary left during his bluff top bounce, The jump of heart, the blue air scaled his brilliant feeling of life Imperiled (21-24). Icarus was doing what no other man has done-fly up high into the sky. His great trip into the sun left his feeling of life gone, simply needing to fly nearer to the sun, turning into a wonderful thing. However [w]hy consistently talk about Icarus fall?(1) when his flight was quite a lot more. The references used to depict Icarus fall decorate on the way that it could either be little and inconsequential, or enormous and important. For instance, that little sprinkle which got the attention of Brueghel alludes to the renowned canvas, The Fall of Icarus. On the off chance that you take a gander at it, it would appear that an ordinary scene of antiquated Greece, yet in the event that you look carefully in the base right hand corner, there is somebody Icarus-suffocating in the water. Brueghel shows that Icarus fall was insignificant to the typical existences of the Greeks. The fantasy of Icarus is the principle implication in this sonnet. Aldiss utilizes the tale of Icarus to express a point that before the fall the flight was (14). Before the tragicâ fall, there was an extraordinary trip of Icarus, which we scarcely recall in our psyches. At the point when we hear Icarus, we think about a man whose wax wings have liquefied and who has fallen into the ocean rather than a man who has achieved flight, achieved the revelation of the world noticeable all around, and a man who discovered that people can fly. This is like how we consider Adam and Eve. â€just before The Edenic Fall, [Adam] had that first taste of Eve (15-17). We consider just that if Adam and Eve hadnt been so silly as to eat from the Tree of Knowledge that there would be no malevolent in this world, and that we would be undying; we dont center around what was going on before the eating of the organic product. They were in heaven. That just escapes our attention some of the time and we just harp on what happened a short time later. The best things in life are intended to be recollected, and the terrible things are there just to advise you that youre human. Aldiss is attempting to tell individuals that the best things of life ought to be delighted in, and one should notice senseless confinements as the softening purpose of wax (28-29). Sources: Flight 063 by Brian Aldiss

How to Write a Proposal The Last Guide Youll Ever Need

How to Write a Proposal The Last Guide Youll Ever Need As a sales person, one of the most exciting things is the moment where you finally convert a hot lead into an actual sale.Before sealing the deal, however, you most likely have to deal with some paperwork, the most important of which is probably the sales probably the sales proposal.A lot of sales people do not like writing the sales proposal.The see it as a necessary evil that they have to put up with in pursuit of the deal.So they just craft a passable proposal and send it to the client, and are left wondering why they lost the deal.In truth, the sales proposal provides you with a big opportunity to win new business.With a well written proposal, you can differentiate yourself, help your company stand out, and convince the client why you are the best person for the job.It can literally be the difference between having tons of new business and talking to numerous prospects without ever converting them into paying clients.In this guide, I’ll provide you with everything you need to k now about writing high quality sales proposals â€" the key stages of writing the proposal, what you should include in the proposal, best practices for writing proposals, and several other helpful tips that will make your sales proposals more appealing and increase your chances of winning new business.WHAT IS A BUSINESS PROPOSAL?The sales proposal, also referred to as the business proposal, is the ultimate sales document. It is a multi-page document that gives an overview of all the value that that you are offering the client.The proposal is tailored to each client and outlines who you are, what services you offer, which of your client’s problems you want to solve and how you intend to solve the problem, the results that the client should expect from you, and the amount of money your services will cost your client.It’s good to note that the business proposal is different from the business plan.A lot of people confuse between the two.Whereas the business plan is generic and is aim ed at selling your entire business to prospective investors, the business proposal is tailored to a specific client and is aimed at selling a specific product or service to this client.It is also good to note that you don’t need to write a business proposal for every single sale you make.Sales proposals are typically required when dealing with large organizations with complex sales processes or defined RFP processes.WHEN IS IT NECESSARY TO WRITE A PROPOSAL? Before you start writing the proposal, you first need to stop and ask yourself if you should really be writing the proposal.Sometimes, sales people end up wasting their time writing proposals when these proposals do not move them any closer to making the sale.A sales proposal can be compared to a marriage proposal.Unless you’re a sucker for embarrassment, you probably wouldn’t propose to someone in the first date.Even when you have dated someone for a while, you would only propose if you think the two of you are suited for each other. The same thing applies to sales proposal.You should only write a proposal if you think the relationship between you and the client is ready for commitment. In other words, the client should be ready to buy.Therefore, before you sit down to write the proposal, you should make sure that:The client is serious about the project: You should only send a proposal if you think that the client is serious about getting the project started. If you’re talking to a client who is kicking tires or is in the early stages of searching for a solution, you should hold off writing the proposal until you are certain that they are serious about making the purchase.You have a realistic chance of getting the business: There is no point in wasting time writing a proposal if you really don’t have a chance of making the sale. If your solution is not aligned with what the client is looking for, you are wasting your time. If the client is looking for solutions way below your price, they probably won’t buy from you, and writing the proposal is therefore a waste of time. This is time that could have been better spent prospecting for more and better clients.You have discussed the scope of work and budget with the client: Sometimes, you might be tempted to hold off discussing the specifics of the project until the very last minute, because you are afraid that holding this discussion at the beginning might make it harder to close the deal. However, here’s the thing. If you write your proposal without having this discussion, you will have a hard time matching what the client expects, and therefore the proposal won’t be of much use.The client requires you to submit a proposal: Like I mentioned earlier, the proposal is not always necessary. If you can make the sale without having to write the proposal, there’s not much need for it. However, some clients will require you to submit a proposal before they can consider working with you. In such situations, you have no other ch oice but to write the proposal, even if the other factors discussed above have not been met.BEFORE WRITING THE PROPOSALHaving ascertained that the proposal is actually necessary, the next thing you need to do before writing the proposal is to have a sit down with the client and have a discussion about the project and what they are looking for.During this discussion, you should ask the following questions.The answers to these questions will help you create a high quality proposal.What challenges is the client experiencing? The client is considering working with you because they have a problem that they need to solve. In order to show that you can efficiently and effectively solve the client’s problems, you first need to understand what these problems are.What does the client expect from the project? You need to understand what results it would take in order for the client to consider the project as a success. Here, you should help the client come up with clear, concrete goals and e xpectations. A good example of a goal is something like increasing sales by 20% or generating 50% more leads. With such a goal, it will be clear to the both of you what a successful completion of the project entails.What is the client’s budget? Since the proposal contains pricing information, you should have a good idea of the client’s budget before writing the proposal. This way, you can come up with pricing that is within the client’s range. Knowing the client’s budget beforehand also helps you weed out clients who are not able to match your rate expectations.When does the client expect the results? You should also have a good idea of the timelines within which the client expects the results to be delivered. This will help you determine if you can realistically meet these expectations, and how to plan the project in order to meet them.Who will be your contact person? The person you are in contact with at the moment might not be your primary contact once the project is unde rway. Therefore, before writing your proposal, you should find out the person you’ll regularly be working with. This will also help you identify the correct person to deliver the proposal to.WRITING THE PROPOSALOnce you have the answers to the above questions, it is now time to write the proposal.While there’s no one-size-fits-all approach to writing the sales proposal, every proposal should mention three things” the challenges the client is facing, your solution to these challenges, and the cost of providing the solution.Below are some of the elements that the sales proposal should include:The Title PageThe title page should include the title of the proposal, the name of the company, the date of submission, and the name of the client.When crafting the title, don’t write a generic title, such as “Proposal to Company XYZ.” Instead, you want to make the title engaging and snappy.It should give the reader an idea of what the proposal is about.An example of a good title woul d be “SEO Assessment and Optimization Offer for Company XYZ.” Here are some tips on how to write better proposal titles.Table of ContentsIncluding a table of contents makes it easy for the client to know what the business proposal covers and how to get to each section.If the proposal is being delivered in digital format, the table of contents should be clickable to make it easier for the reader to navigate between the different sections. If your proposal is relatively short, you can omit the table of contents.Executive SummaryThis section should contain a short summary of what is contained in the proposal.In a few minutes, it should be able to tell the reader why your product or service is the best for solving the client’s problems.By simply reading the executive summary, the client should be able to determine what they stand to gain from working with you.It is almost akin to a value proposition.In most cases, executives skim over business documents before deciding whether the y are worthy of their time.A well written executive summary convinces the reader to go through the rest of your proposal.Problem StatementThis section should include a detailed description of the challenges the client is experiencing.Here, you want to show that you thoroughly understand what problem they need solved.Remember, without a good understanding of the client’s problem, you cannot come up with an effective solution.Proposed SolutionThis is the most important part of your sales proposal. This is where you discuss in detail how you are going to solve the client’s problem.This is where you also get to show the client why your solution is best suited to the client compared to what your competitors are proposing.When discussing the solution, this is where you talk about what methods you’ll use to solve the problem, the timelines for the project, the deliverables the client should expect, and so on.You should also define the scope of the solution at this point.Defining the scope helps prevent the project from extending to things you had not initially agreed on.For instance, if you are revamping a client’s website, this might include shifting to a better host, redoing the site design, and redoing the graphics, but it might not include something like copywriting for the site.This should be made clear in the proposed solution section.QualificationsThe client wants to know that you are actually capable of doing what you are proposing.This section should show the client why they should trust that you will deliver.A good way of communicating your qualifications is to mention your industry accreditations, any industry awards you have won, and so on.You can also include the case studies of the clients you have successfully worked with previously.Pricing InformationThis section gives the client information about how much it will cost them for the solution you are proposing.Here, you can use an hourly or fixed pricing structure, or you can create a responsive pricing table that adjusts the price automatically, depending on the products or services the client is interested in.Having had a prior discussion of the client’s budget really comes in handy when coming up with pricing information.About UsYou might be surprised that this section is coming so late in the proposal, instead of being among the first sections.However, here’s the thing.The number one concern for the client is not who you are, but rather what you can do for them, and how much it will cost them.If you’ve gotten this right, the client might now be interested in knowing who you are.This is why this section should come after you have convinced the client that you can actually help them with the challenges they are facing.In the about us section, you should provide your company’s contact information, a short overview of the company, and an overview of the key personnel who will be involved in the project.Terms and ConditionsThis section contains the fine print about the project timelines, payment schedules, and so on.It’s basically a summary of what you and the client are agreeing to in the event that you decide to go ahead with the project.It’s always advisable to have your company’s legal team look through the terms and conditions to make sure every is in order before delivering the proposal.AgreementInstead of having to send over other documents once the client is pleased with the terms of your proposal, it is more advisable to include a signature box at the end of the proposal so that the client can sign on right away.This allows them to make the decision while they still have the excitement of reading the proposal.TIPS ON HOW TO MAKE YOUR PROPOSALS MORE APPEALING Source: SalesforceBelow are some best practices and tips that can help make your sales proposal more appealing and increase your chances of sealing the deal:Don’t make it too long: While there is no specified ideal length of a sales proposal, it is always advisable to keep it short, about two to three pages at most. Most people have short attention spans, and the longer you make it, the higher the chances that it will not be read. The focus should therefore be on quality rather than quantity. However, sometimes a client’s RFP process might require a longer proposal, in which case you should adhere to the guidelines of the RFP process.List the deliverables separate from your pricing: While outlining the deliverables for the project, you might be tempted to list a price next to each deliverable. The problem with this approach is that it switches the focus of the client from the importance of the deliverable in relation to the completion of the entire project, to how much the delive rable contributes to the final price. This might make the client think twice about a certain deliverable, even when the deliverable is crucial for the successful completion of the overall project.Avoid using technical language: When discussing your solution to the client’s problem, try to keep your language as simple as possible. Remember, whoever gets to read the proposal might not have the same technical background as you. You want to make it easy for them to understand the proposal.Pay attention to the financial words you use: When discussing the financial implications of the project, pay attention to the kind of words you use. For instance, referring to what you charge the client as “investment” implies that this money will pay off, while referring to the charges as “fees” could give the implication that this money is a cost they will never recoup. Such small differences in wording can have a huge impact on your client’s perception of the project.Include data and vis uals: To make your proposal even more convincing, include compelling, quantitative data about the project, and use visual tools such as graphs and charts to make the information easy to consume and understand.Show, don’t tell: Don’t just tell the client that you are the best company that they can work with, or that you can help them achieve results. Instead, show them the results you have helped your previous clients achieve. You can do this through cases studies, testimonials, and so on.Make your proposal accessible: Think about the format in which your potential client would like to have the proposal delivered. Some prefer simple word documents, others prefer PDF format, some prefer printed hard copies, while others might prefer video. Take the client’s preferences into consideration when delivering the proposal. If you are delivering the proposal in digital format, make sure that it is viewable on difference devices.If you are submitting the proposal in response to a RFP, t here’s a chance that the client has specified the process through which they would like the proposals submitted, ranging from mailing of hard copies to sharing upload links.Clients use such instructions to make it easier for them to handle a huge volume of submissions and to weed out companies that do not follow instructions.Make sure to carefully read the client’s directions on how to submit and follow them strictly.Be authentic: In a bid to impress the client, some sales people may give an unrealistic view of their services or lie about some things. For instance, they might promise to complete a project in a much shorter time than is actually possible. Resist the temptation to do this. Instead, be sincere and truthful and only promise the client what you believe you can realistically deliver. It is far much better to lose a sale because you were truthful, than to win the sale and then fail to deliver as per the client’s expectations.Make your proposal aesthetically pleasing: Graphics have an influence on the first impression your proposal makes, and can also make it easier (or harder) for the client to understand your proposal. If your company has a graphic designer, consult with them to help you create a visually appealing document. Some things to keep in mind here include using clear, legible fonts, using whitespace liberally, making sure that all charts and visual information is clear, and using typographic hierarchy to make the document easier to read.Once you are done writing your proposal, go through it once again to make sure that there are no grammatical or spelling mistakes, that all the requirements of the RFP have been addressed, that what you have promised the client can be delivered realistically, and so on.If everything looks good at this point, you can go ahead and deliver the proposal to the client.WRAPPING UPWhile most sales people tend to treat the sales proposal like a barrier they have to overcome on their way to making a sale, you can actually improve your sales by taking the time to craft high quality sales proposals.If you follow the tips and guidelines shared in this article, you will find it a lot easier to write sales proposals, your proposals will become a lot more appealing, and you will start closing more sales.Give it a try and let us know how it goes.

Wuthering Heights, By Emma Baxandall - 1682 Words

Wuthering Heights Creative, by Emma Baxandall. 11 Literature, 10NS. The weather was beautiful today, and Harriet Earnshaw hated it. Truly, she hated most things, at the moment. Despite her condemnations, the sun sent saffron whispers, travelling through the winds and planting soft summertime kisses on her lips. The river hummed gentle lullabies, singing in mellifluous rifts and delicates lilts. It was all she could do not to fall asleep. It was a winter morning, the promise of Christmas and celebration in the horizon, and something else too, but Harriet tried not to think about that. About her fiancà ©. Despite the calendar, winter had not shown his crooked face in many years, and Wuthering Heights was blessed with a summer of gentle†¦show more content†¦She wanted to scream, it’s 1823 now, we aren’t living in the past!, but alas, she knew it would be futile. She had tried everything to stop the wedding to Blake Summerfield, sobbing and begging, stealing and screaming, debating and hiding. This only added to her parents conviction that she ought to find a husband. Her father, usually boisterous and hearty, fell quiet as he reminded Harry that they were getting old now. They needed a young man to help, they needed the money. And Blake was very nice. Well, that was the problem. He was very nice. Very diplomatic, polite, correct and fair. He was not outlandish, or shocking or even funny. In fact, Harriet thought with a small smile, he wasn’t even handsome. â€Å"Mama, can we talk about this tomorrow? I cannot stand to think about it at this hour.† Cathy’s eyes flashed for a second, her charming nature betrayed by her empowered one. â€Å"You ought to be happy. When I was but your age my husband was not nearly so kind.† Still, her mother wondered off, the past covering her eyes like blindness. Harriet returned to the window. In the distance, moors teased her, their forlorn howls begging to be heard. Raising her fingers to the glass, the girl was begging to listen. Smash! The glass shattered, leaving her fingers bloodied. Staring in shock, Harry gaped where the window once was, and couldn’t figure out why it had crumpled. But something else soon took over that notion. â€Å"Harrrriettt,† the wind called. She

Essay on Art Formal Analysis - 601 Words

Art Formal Analysis Examining the formal qualities of Homer Watson’s painting Horse and Rider In A Landscape was quite interesting. I chose to analyze this piece as apposed to the others because it was the piece I liked the least, therefore making me analyze it more closely and discover other aspects of the work, besides aesthetics. The texture of the canvas works very well with the subject matter portrayed in the painting. The grassy hill side and the leaves of the trees are especially complimented by the canvas. It makes the leaves feel like they are slightly moving, this combined with the lack of detail itself the leaves. This is contrasted nicely with the very detailed renderings of the trunks and branches of the trees, the†¦show more content†¦Perspective lines occur also in the background of the painting in the upper right in the trees getting smaller as they descend into the painting. This painting is an example of linear perspective. All lines converge at a vanishing point. At first sight the house in the middle ground appears to be the destination of the rider, but the use of linear perspective suggests that something else is important beyond the house and the green hill. This painting appears to take place either at either dusk or dawn, when the sun is at the horizon. Likely it is dusk, as the setting appears to be in the Northern Hemisphere and the snow in the picture residing on the left hand side of fence would suggest it has yet to melt, so the sun would be setting in the west, or on the right. So the viewer, as well as the subject, is facing south. This affects the painting in several ways. The lighting is very dramatic, the middle ground being very much more lighted than the foreground and background, therefore the colors are more saturated than the foreground and background. Greens, browns and greys are used a lot in this piece and makes it very muddy. The house really does stand out against the painting because of the contrast of lighting. The piece is pretty balanced, it is more or less partitioned into four parts by the strong horizontal line in the middle and the road meeting with the edge of the forest vertically, the lighter areas in the top right and bottom left,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Formal Analysis of Art696 Words   |  3 PagesFormal Analysis of Art Formal Analysis of Art The Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh is consistent of his typical artwork. He uses the lines free and loose making it an expression of his contour lines. The spacing between the stars and the curving contours making it a dot to dot effect. Van Gogh’s, The Starry Night† portrays his personal emotion. He writes to his brother about his painting almost as if he would be confused himself about the painting. 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Vce It Applications Unit 3 Outcome 1 Free Essays

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | IT Applications Unit 3 Outcome 1 Revision Notes| | | | IT VCE Feb 2013| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | IT Applications Unit 3 Outcome 1 Revision Notes| | | | IT VCE Feb 2013| Table of Contents Revision2 Section 1 – Purpose of a Website2 Blogs2 Chat Rooms2 Forums3 Social Networking3 Wikis3 Section 2 – Websites and Data4 Why Organisations Acquire Data Via Websites4 Why Individuals and Organisation Supply Data Via Websites4 Techniques for Acquiring Data on Websites4 Techniques for protecting the rights of individuals and organisations supplying data4 CSS/CMS5 Static Websites5 Dynamic Websites5 Content Management Systems5 Introduction5 Content Creation5 Content Management6 Publishing6 Presentation6 Pros and Cons7 Software7 Cascading Styled Sheets (CSS)7 IntroductionError! Bookmark not defined. Revision Section 1 – Purpose of a Website * To provide information and news (inform)Static Website (no interaction) * To promote an opinion (persuade)Blog To teach (educate)Wiki * To answer questionsForum * To entertain * To provide information and news (inform) * To promote an opinion (persuade) * To teach (educate) * To answer questions * To entertain Blogs * Diary entries, commentary, news, pictures and videos * Mainly one way communication * Have feedback so readers can leave comment * Most are text based * Examples Videoshttp://ryanedit. blogspo t. We will write a custom essay sample on Vce It Applications Unit 3 Outcome 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now com. au Audiohttp://www. abc. net. au/services/poadcasting Photoshttp://www. photoblog. com/stuartbarbara * Technorati (http://technorati. com )is a popular search engine Chat Rooms Online messaging services * Communication in real time (synchronous – existing or occurring at same time) * Many are commercial * Let communities interact quickly * Textbox, Scrolling Window * To join need to register, given a username and password for security * Avatar is an identity/nickname users assumes to protect their name * Moderator is a person who monitors communication to ensure people follow rules, they have power to ban, discipline, warn and educate users. * Rules No abusing No trolling (deliberately post inflammatory messages to get a reaction) Don’t flood Example: http://www. wireclub. com Forums * Also known as message boards * Multi-user threaded message application * Posted messages is form of conversation between users * Thread is a continuous conversation/post replies on a specific topic * Hierarchical – forums divided into boards (main topics) and sub-boards (sub-topics) * Example: http://forums. whirlpool. net. au * Have their own netiquette/etiquette/rules: No spamming (flooding server with data) Posts must be on-topic (OT) Personal Arguments with individuals should be taken No trolling No abusing Read rules Give posts titles Banned topics not to be used Social Networking * Sites allow people to communicate with others * Present information about themselves * Some are special-interest (e. g. green living, Indian people, genealogy, teenagers) * Others (e. g. Facebook, Twitter) have no specific theme. * Have a profile page * Problems: Stalking Grooming Posting Persona Information Posts will last forever Employers have sacked workers Wikis * Examples: Wikipedia, Wikispaces * Online software tools that let a group of people contribute to the development of a document or knowledge base. * Needs some control over editings Prevent accidental or deliberate damage to the aggregated information. * Wikipedia – anonymous edits need to be approved by a moderator. * Controversial topics may be locked so only registered user, or specific users can edit them. Section 2 – Websites and Data Why Organisations Acquire Data Via Websites * Cheap * 24 hour customer access * Instant * Efficiency * Effectiveness Inc reased accuracy if visitors enter own data Less chance of error Can be processed automatically once entered Type data easier to read * Access to global market * Can use prompts (* – shift+8) to collect right data Can use controls radio buttons to enforce data integrity * Use validation tools to make sure it’s in right format (DOB – dd/mm/yy) * People are put off by having to email, write or phone Why Individuals and Organisation Supply Data Via Websites * Purchasing of goods and Services * Social Networking * Exchanging Information * Immediate results * Anonymity * Voting/Polls Techniques for Acquiring Data on Websites * Collating data from entries in a web form * Providing a web forum * Online chat Techniques for protecting the rights of individuals and organisations supplying data * security protocols SSL or TLS encryption. Transport Layer Security  (TLS) and its predecessor,  Secure Sockets Layer  (SSL), provide communication  security  over the  Internet * File encryption * Logins with usernames and passwords. * Using Captcha to deter robotic logins. * Automatic timeout of idle connections. Very commom in the financial sector * Requiring strong passwords CSS/CMS Static Websites * Each page is produced by hand, using GUI web editor (e. g. Dreamweaver) or raw HTML code * Pages never change without being edited * Can be dull and unresponsive to current conditions Imagine a static eBay site where the finishing time of all auctions had to be entered by hand every second. Dynamic Websites * Constantly changing – e. g. eBay * Can respond to events and the profile of the user * Can be achieved to a degree with Javascript (e. g. a countdown timer on a static page) Content Management Systems Introduction A content management system (CMS) supports the creation, managemen t, distribution, publishing, and discovery of corporate information. It covers the complete lifecycle of the pages on your site, from providing simple tools to create the content, through to publishing, and finally to archiving. It also provides the ability to manage the structure of the site, the appearance of the published pages, and the navigation provided to the users. The functionality of a content management system can be broken down into several main categories: * content creation * content management * Publishing * presentation Content Creation At the front of a content management system is an easy-to-use authoring environment, designed to work like Word. This provides a non-technical way of creating new pages or updating content, without having to know any HTML. The CMS also allows you to manage the structure of the site. That is, where the pages go, and how they are linked together. Many even offer simple drag-and-drop restructuring of the site, without breaking any links. Almost all content management systems now provide a web-based authoring environment, which further simplifies implementation, and allows content updating to be done remotely. Content Management Once a page has been created, it is saved into a central repository in the CMS. This stores all the content of the site, along with the other supporting details. This central repository allows a range of useful features to be provided by the CMS: Keeping track of all the versions of a page, and who changed what and when. Ensuring that each user can only change the section of the site they are responsible for. Integration with existing information sources and IT systems. Publishing Once the final content is in the repository, it can then be published out to either the website or intranet. Content management systems boast powerful publishing engines which allow the appearance and page layout of the site to be applied automatically during publishing. It may also allow the same content to be published to multiple sites. Of course, every site looks different, so the CMS lets the graphic designers and web developers specify the appearance that is applied by the system. These publishing capabilities ensure that the pages are consistent across the entire site, and enable a very high standard of appearance. This also allows the authors to concentrate on writing the content, by leaving the look of the site entirely to the CMS. Presentation The content management system can also provide a number of features to enhance the quality and effectiveness of the site itself. As an example, the CMS will build the site navigation for you, by reading the structure straight out of the content repository. It also makes it easy to support multiple browsers, or users with accessibility issues. The CMS can be used to make your site dynamic and interactive, thereby enhancing the site’s impact. * Examples – WordPress, Joomla, Drupal Videos to Watch * http://www. youtube. com/watch? feature=player_detailpagev=VdvEdMMtNMY * http://www. youtube. com/watch? feature=player_detailpagev=jexUS43sdeQ * http://www. youtube. com/watch? feature=player_detailpagev=VdvEdMMtNMY * http://www. outube. com/watch? feature=player_detailpagev=RUSAJ_2ZqNI * Database-driven software that creates pages when needed and tailor-makes them for the time, the circumstances, the user * The CMS fetches content (e. g. text, data, pictures) from the database and creates a webpage with pre-defined formatting chosen by the webmaster. * The same pages might look different for each perso n viewing it (e. g. their ‘My eBay’ pages, or their Facebook pages. ) Pros and Cons Pros * Site maintenance is far easier and quicker * Sites become dynamic and pages change automatically Easier to manage assets (pictures etc) * Better looking sites * Site has a consistent appearance across all pages * Far less chance of 404 errors or bad links Cons * Must install CMS software onto your webserver – some are expensive * Must learn how to use the CMS * Can be expensive/slow to convert an existing static site to CMS Software Webmaster creates content (e. g. body text) Media (pix, videos etc) are stored in the database The CMS combines content, media, formatting to create web pages which are sent to the visitor’s browser Cascading Styled Sheets (CSS) CSS * Instead of repetitively formatting lots of types of text in the same way, define the formatting in a CSS file and just mark text with the style it needs * To change the look of main headings, change the defi nition of HEADING1 once in the CSS file. * Don’t have to find and change every piece of HEADING1 text across the site * Far quicker, easier * Creates consistently formatted sites * E. g. CSS file contains â€Å"Heading 1 = Bold, TNR, size 20† * In a webpage, some text is tagged as being â€Å"Heading 1† style. CSS Tutorial * http://www. w3schools. com/css/ How to cite Vce It Applications Unit 3 Outcome 1, Papers

Networking Diagrams and Case Study Essay Example Essay Example

Networking Diagrams and Case Study Essay Example Paper Networking Diagrams and Case Study Essay Introduction Workstation – A computer or a dumb terminal that is connected to a network that inputs and outputs data and is often the ending point of a network, but not always. 2. IP Addresses – An IP Address is a multi-digit number assigned to each device in a network that uses the internet protocol (IP) to communicate. 3. Switch – A switch is a networking device that connects network devices. A switch is also commonly known as a network bridge that routes data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. 4. Router – A router is a device that forwards data packets between computer networks. The router reads the address of the packet to determine where its final destination. Networking Diagrams and Case Study Essay Body Paragraphs 5. WAN/LAN – LAN is a network that connects computers in a smaller area such as a home. The difference between a LAN and a WAN are that a WAN is when two LAN’s are connected with a LEASED line that connects them. 6. Firewall – Can either be software or hardware-based and is used to help keep a network safe. Its main objective is to control the incoming and outgoing traffic as it analyzes the data packets and determining whether it should be allowed through or not. 7. Server/Proxy Server – operates on layer 7, 6, 3 of the OSI model 8. Star Network – One of the most common network topologies. A star network has one central switch/hub/computer, which sends messages to all the other connected nodes. 9. VPN – A Virtual Private Network is a secure network that can be accessed from anywhere. E.g. LJBC school portal network can be directly accessed from school and then if you enter your school username/password from home on the portal page you can al so access it. B) OSI layers: 1. Work Station – N/A 2. IP Address – Layer 3 Network Layer 3. Switch – Layer 2 Data Link Layer 4. Router – Layer 2 Data Link Layer and has access to layer 3 and 4 5. WAN/LAN – uses stuff that occurs on layers 1, 3, 4 and WAN also access layer 7 and 6. 6. Firewall – If it’s an application firewall it works on layer 7 and it has access to the network layer (layer 3) 7. Server/Proxy Server – As it can be software, it can work on the application layer (layer 7) and it also works on the transport layer (layer 4) 8. Star Network – uses stuff that occurs on layers 1, 3, 4 9. VPN – runs on the application layer (layer 7) and has access to the physical layer 2. 3. A) Possible Future needs DingoMobile: – Expanded Servers (Multiple Head/Smaller Offices). – Expansions – New Stores/Offices _ – New Workstations/Peripheral Device _ LAN – Currently, Dingo Mobile has a single store, and a head office. Each individual premise would require a network. The LAN network would allow this; we could connect all the workstations and various other devices (including servers for the Head Office). The LAN network is better described in part 2, basically being a physically connected network on each of the individual premises. Through doing this, we would be able to create a physically network that allows for an individual network, and then also allows the LAN network to interact with the other stores through the VPN. Justification – Taking into consideration the fact that most of DingoMobile’s stores will probably want to use more than one workstation, so creating a LAN network on each premise will cater for this, and then allow each of the connected workstations to also access the internet. The LAN will also allow each store to utilize other peripheral devices, such as printers, which I’d assume would be required for some activities on the premises. How LAN fulfils future needs – LAN’s are ‘relatively’ simple to set up, obviously they can utilize a ‘WLAN’ (Wireless LAN), if setup becomes a problem. The LAN will cater for any expansions each individual store/office requires; all that is needed is another cable to connect the workstation/peripheral into the LAN network. This also gives DingoMobile the reassurance that any required expansions to the network are basically a cable connection away. Considerations for the LAN – The LAN aspect of this network solution may not be as effective, if some premises find it difficult to run cables connecting all of their computers/peripherals together. This should be solved however if they can utilize a WLAN instead, however that is only a possible solution if they cannot run wires throughout the premises. _ VPN – Currently, Dingo Mobile has a single store, and a head office. They require a connection between each of the sto res/head office, allowing networking between each of the stores/head office. The VPN would allow this; we would connect each of the individual LANs to a Cable/DSL Model that would then allow connection to the internet and from that, access to the Dingo Mobile VPN. The VPN network is better described in part 2, basically being a private network utilizing public telecommunications (the internet). Through the VPN, we will be able to connect each of the store’s LANs together, allowing for wider-scale networking for the Dingo MobileCompany. Justification – Taking into consideration that Dingo Mobile desires a connection between the store and the head office, I’ve selected a VPN network to cater for this. The VPN will allow DingoMobile to create a ‘universal’ network, and allowing the potential future stores to be connected also. How VPN fulfils future needs –The VPN utilizes the internet, therefor it isn’t going to restrict the possible exp ansions that DingoMobile may require (being one of their future needs). If ever Dingo Mobile requires the sending of important data between head office/stores, the VPN will ensure that the data sent is encrypted, catering to the potential need for safety of transferred data. Considerations for the VPN –The VPN should operate fine, and should continue to do so into the future. Since the VPN is created using the internet, so obviously things such as bandwidth, speed etc., may become an issue. Measures however can be taken to speed up the VPN, so it isn’t a vital issue that needs to be worried about. _ 3b) Development Process – The existing system, from the information that I have been provided, basically includes no real networking (The information provided doesn’t indicate whether the store/office have actual networks setup individually, so I’m going to assume that they do not). Basically, DingoMobile want a networking solution to connect all of the ir store(s) and Head Office together, and I’ve explained the majority of this networking solution in the past two parts of this ‘report’. An overview of how the new system would be implemented, replacing the old system – 1. If any previous network is set up on the individual premises, I would recommend taking it apart, and starting from scratch to ensure that everything is following the new network solution. 2. Check that every workstation is clean from viruses/non-corrupted and doesn’t have data that the entire future network should have access to. 3. Set up all of the workstations/other required devices in both the store and Head Office. 4. Connect all of the devices in each premises to the router, and each router to the modem (Setting up the LAN). 5. Once both LAN networks have been established, ensure that both are also connected to the internet. 6. Now that all of the LAN networks have been set-up, it would just be a matter of creating the VPN and interconnecting the head-office and all of the stores. 7. Test the VPN to ensure that everything is working, and once this is finished. The network should be ready for use! Also set different privileges for different users, ensuring that not everybody has access to everything within the network. Also, I’m explaining a quick overview of the Business’s expansion; this includes how the network will expand. 1. Once the network has been setup for the Head Office and single store, it will then be in the state to expand upon if required. 2. Whenever a new peripheral device requires to be added into the network, it will be connected through the LAN of the premises that it is situated, then also from that will be connected to the VPN. 3. Whenever a new store is established, a similar LAN network will be created on the premises, and from there all of the software related set-up will take place that allows that LAN network to also access the DingoMobile VPN. 4. Whenever a new Office is established, it will follow the same steps as the store; however a server may also be included into the LAN setup. As you can see, it’s relatively simple for the Business to expand with the current Network Solution I have provided. 3c) Monitoring the Network – To ensure that the employees are utilizing the network for work purposes, and also to monitor what is being sent throughout the network/occurring throughout the network (including potentially malicious activity etc) is a necessity for DingoMobile. Below are some methods that can be used to monitor the network – 1. UserMonitoringSoftware–This will be a vital part of monitoring the network, the users may be inclined to utilize the network for activities that aren’t helping/causing troubles for DingoMobile, so installing software that monitors all of the employees activity (to an extent that doesn’t conflict with personal privacy) would be one way to monitor the network. 2. Use rs/Groups – It’s recommended that the users/groups of the network is monitored regularly, due to potential ‘hackers’ gaining access into the VPN and assigning their new user all of the permissions, becoming a security problem for your network. 3. FilteringcertainURL/emails – This will allow you to hopefully avoid malicious files/sites being accessed through the network. 4. Enabling Firewalls (Monitoring the Web Access at Firewalls) – This builds onto the filtering URL/certain emails/files that are sent or accessed throughout the network. It allows you to monitor exactly what is being filtered, and keep track of related activity. EvaluatingtheNetworkSystem –Methods must be utilized to also evaluate the health, speed and general performance etc. of the network, these methods will be used to evaluate the network system in periodical intervals, indicating to the business when and where maintenance must occur on the network system. 1. Bench marking – Certain programs can be used to compare the network against others in terms of performance. This would be a good indication to how DingoMobile’s network compares to other, similar networks. 2. CheckingtheNetworkUsage – There are tools that the administrators can use, such as the ping function, to measure the network usage, and also the Round Trip Time. This can be a good indication to how the network is performing. 3. Reading through related Error Logs – Reading the error logs relevant to the network will enable the reader to detect any issues, big or small, that may be occurring within the network. Checking this periodically will hopefully enable Dingo Mobile to pick up any problems occurring within the network. 4. Testing the Speed of the Network – Sending files from one premise to the other using the VPN aspect of the network can be used to test the speed of the network, and this can then highlight if there is any issues such as packet -loss that are occurring, and hopefully allows DingoMobile to then find and solve these problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Networking Diagrams and Case Study Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Networking Diagrams and Case Study Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Networking Diagrams and Case Study Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer